See draugaz on Wiktionary
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrówgʰos"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "draugaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugōz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "draugōz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "draugōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "draugą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drauganz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugǫ̂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugamaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugamiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*draugaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draugaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "North Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"based on cognates: phantom (mirage), ghost, revenant and thereof; potentially demon, troll, ghoul etc"
],
"id": "en-draugaz-gem-pro-noun-LJ8~U5co",
"links": [
[
"phantom",
"phantom"
],
[
"mirage",
"mirage"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"revenant",
"revenant"
],
[
"demon",
"demon"
],
[
"troll",
"troll"
],
[
"ghoul",
"ghoul"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Germanic) based on cognates: phantom (mirage), ghost, revenant and thereof; potentially demon, troll, ghoul etc"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "dreuganą"
},
{
"word": "drugą"
}
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"North",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɑu̯.ɣɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯.ɣɑz"
}
],
"word": "draugaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "dreygur"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "draugur"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "drow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trow"
}
],
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"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "drow"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "drow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"effected by troll"
],
"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Norn",
"lang_code": "nrn",
"word": "*drau"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "drow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "drow"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
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"word": "drow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"effected by troll"
],
"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Norn",
"lang_code": "nrn",
"word": "*drou"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
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"word": "drow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "drow"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "drow"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"effected by troll"
],
"word": "trow"
}
],
"lang": "Norn",
"lang_code": "nrn",
"raw_tags": [
"compare 18th c. Norwegian drau → drauv",
"drov"
],
"word": "*drog"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "draug"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drøg"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drog"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drau"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drauv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drøv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drov"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Norwegian",
"lang_code": "gmq-mno",
"word": "draug"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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"word": "draug"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
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"word": "drog"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drau"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drauv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drøv"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"word": "drov"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Norwegian",
"lang_code": "gmq-mno",
"word": "drau"
},
{
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"word": "drog"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "drög"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dröger"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic/obsolete"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "draugr"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "*drøgher"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "drög"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dröger"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic/obsolete"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "draugr"
}
],
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"word": "*draugr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dronn"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dröken"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "the devil, Satan",
"word": "dråmårn"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråkerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråmerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dråker"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "the devil, Satan",
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
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}
],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
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},
{
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],
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{
"lang": "unknown",
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
"word": "drånskap"
}
],
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"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dråe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
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},
{
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
"sense": "the devil, Satan",
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dråmer"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
"sense": "the devil, Satan",
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},
{
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"lang_code": "sv",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråkerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråmerskap"
},
{
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],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
"word": "drånskap"
}
],
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"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "devil",
"word": "dråmår"
}
],
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"word": "*drauker"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
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],
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},
{
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],
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},
{
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},
{
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],
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},
{
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
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},
{
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],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dråker"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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],
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},
{
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],
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{
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},
{
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],
"sense": "the devil, Satan",
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},
{
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],
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
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},
{
"lang": "unknown",
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],
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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{
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{
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{
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],
"sense": "the devil, Satan",
"word": "dråmårn"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråkerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråmerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
"word": "drånskap"
}
],
"lang": "Scanian Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "dråmer"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "drån"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dronn"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dröken"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "the devil, Satan",
"word": "dråmårn"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråkerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "dråmerskap"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "devilment, devilry, mischief",
"word": "drånskap"
}
],
"lang": "Scanian Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "devil",
"word": "dråmår"
}
],
"lang": "Scanian",
"lang_code": "gmq-scy",
"sense": "devil",
"word": "*drau"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "drauge"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "dravge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Draugr"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing"
],
"word": "draugr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Draugr"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "draug"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "draug"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "draugr"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*raukka"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*rāvkë"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Norse",
"lang_code": "gmq-pro",
"roman": "*dᵃraugaʀ",
"word": "*ᛞᚨᚱᚨᚢᚷᚨᛉ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*dʰrówgʰos<id:deception>",
"id": "phantom"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*draugaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"phantom\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*draugaz\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_phantom\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrówgʰos",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrówgʰos"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "draugaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugōz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "draugōz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "draugōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "draugą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drauganz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugǫ̂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugamaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugamiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*draugaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draugaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "dreuganą"
},
{
"word": "drugą"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"North Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/ɑu̯.ɣɑz",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/ɑu̯.ɣɑz/2 syllables",
"gem-pro:Mythological creatures",
"gem-pro:Supernatural"
],
"glosses": [
"based on cognates: phantom (mirage), ghost, revenant and thereof; potentially demon, troll, ghoul etc"
],
"links": [
[
"phantom",
"phantom"
],
[
"mirage",
"mirage"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"revenant",
"revenant"
],
[
"demon",
"demon"
],
[
"troll",
"troll"
],
[
"ghoul",
"ghoul"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Germanic) based on cognates: phantom (mirage), ghost, revenant and thereof; potentially demon, troll, ghoul etc"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"North",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɑu̯.ɣɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯.ɣɑz"
}
],
"word": "draugaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for draugaz meaning in All languages combined (18.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.